Twelve years after the killing of four Indigenous leaders of the Saweto indigenous community, in the Peruvian Amazon, two of the main suspects have been arrested. The murders were denounced by the ILO Governing Body in a 2016 report of the ILO Tripartite Committee following a representation under Article 24 of the ILO Constitution. One of those arrested, Hugo Soria Flores, was identified in the GB report as the ‘habilitado’ of the timber company. The firm established a scheme of ‘habilitación’ to exploit Indigenous labour through illegal logging in Indigenous territories in the forests of Ucayali. Yet, under the current schedule for the submission of reports on Convention No. 169, Peru’s next report to the Committee of Experts is not expected until 2032. The case raises a broader question about the effectiveness of the ILO supervisory system when several years may pass before the application of Convention No. 169 is examined again.